Sunday, January 26, 2020

Decision Making Process for University Choice

Decision Making Process for University Choice In this research student behaviour has played an important role in defining their selection about their university and needs. Before coming to Australia they have to think about the reputation of the university. Sometimes they get some information from internet, agents, and educational portals etc. The buying decision process is the decision-making process used by consumers regarding market transactions before, during, and after the purchase of a good or service. It can be seen as a particular form of a cost-benefit analysis in the presence of multiple alternatives. Need Recognition Problem Awareness: At this stage, the buyer recognizes a problem or need or responds to a marketing stimulus. It occurs when a consumer discovers an unmet need that must be fulfilled. Kotler and Keller (2011) highlight the importance of understanding consumer buying behaviour and the ways how the customers choose their products and services can be extremely important for manufacturers as well as service providers as this provides them with competitive advantage over its competitors in several aspects. For example, they may use the knowledge obtained through studying the consumer buying behaviour to set their strategies towards offering the right products and services to the right audience of customers reflecting their needs and wants effectively. Information search: The information search stage is the next step that the customers may take after they have recognized the problem or need in order to find out what they feel is the best solution. This is the buyers effort at searching the internal and external business environments to identify and observe sources of information related to the focal buying decision. The field of information has come a long way in the last forty years, and has enabled easier and faster information discovery. Consumers can rely on print, visual, and/or voice media for getting information. A customer can obtain from several sources: Personal sources: Family, Friends, Neighbours, etc. Commercial Sources: Advertising; Salespeople; Retailers; Dealers; Packing; Point-of-sale Display. Public sources: Newspapers, Radio, Television, Consumer Organisations. Experiential sources: Handling, Examining, Using the product. Evaluation of Alternatives: An important determinant of the extent of evaluation is whether the customer feels involved in the product. By involvement, we mean the degree of perceived relevance and personal importance that accompanies the choice. Where a purchase is highly involving, the customer is likely to carry out extensive evaluation. High-involvement purchases include those involving high expenditure or personal risk for example buying a house, a car or making investments. Low involvement purchases (e.g. buying a soft drink, choosing some breakfast cereals in the supermarket) have very simple evaluation processes. The answer lies in the kind of information that the marketing team needs to provide customers in different buying situations. In high-involvement decisions, the marketer needs to provide a good deal of information about the positive consequences of buying. The sales force may need to stress the important attributes of the product, the advantages compared with the competition; and maybe even encourage trial or sampling of the product in the hope of securing the sale. Purchase: This is the fourth stage, where the purchase takes place. According to Kotler, Keller, Koshy and Jha (2009), the final purchase decision can be disrupted by two factors: negative feedback from other customers and the level of motivation to comply or accept the feedback. For example, after going through the above three stages, a customer chooses to buy a Nikon DSLR camera. However, because his good friend, who is also a photographer, gives him negative feedback, he will then be bound to change his preference. Secondly, the decision may be disrupted due to unanticipated situations such as a sudden job loss or the closing of a retail store. Post-Purchase Evaluation-Cognitive Dissonance: The final stage is the post-purchase evaluation of the decision. It is common for customers to experience concerns after making a purchase decision. This arises from a concept that is known as cognitive dissonance. The customer, having bought a product, may feel that an alternative would have been preferable. In these circumstances that customer will not repurchase immediately, but is likely to switch brands next time. To manage the post-purchase stage, it is the job of the marketing team to persuade the potential customer that the product will satisfy his or her needs. Then after having made a purchase, the customer should be encouraged that he or she has made the right decision. To find information about our research, I have conducted two methods to collect information. Primary Data Secondary Data Primary Data: On 3rd February 2017, an instant survey was carried out among 15 English of Academic Purpose (EAP), three students were female and twelve students were male. The purpose of the survey was to discover the view of the students on a number of matters of personal concern. Secondary Data: To collect secondary data, I have relied on Internet, articles, and web sites. Secondary data basically supported our secondary data analysis. Since, our overall findings are totally resulted from our primary data, secondary data have hardly impact on it. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete. There were four different types of category. The categories are- Needs, Information Search, Evaluation of alternatives/personal reasons, Post-Purchase Evaluation. Under these categories there were 39 questions. The first category covered Needs in these section students had showed their willingness to study in Australia. Maximum number of students have chosen Australia to obtain higher degree is very important, which is 13 students, and only 2 students choose it is important. The next question was gain international experience in their area of study; among 15 students 15 students said its vary important and important to get a degree from Australia which will help them to boost up their career. Around 60% students think that to gain residence ship and citizenship is very important and important. Rest of the 40% students believes that it is not important to get residence and citizenship. 15 students have come from different country to make their life style better because Australia standard of living is very high. Among these 15 students 11 students said it is very important to get better standard life style. On the other hand, maximum number of international students has come to earn sum of money. After completion of their main program, 100% students want to get better employment opportunity if they have to return their home country. Moreover, 12 out of 15 students said it is very important to develop English language skill in a foreign country. The next category is information search. In this section students have researched on universities before came to Australia from different source. Family and friends are the main source to get information about study in foreign country. Among 15 students most of the students said it is very important and important trustworthy source to get exact information about university and country selection process. Advertisements on the Internet and Education portal were the most popular information search; chosen by 9 and 8 students and they said it is important. Sometimes students relied on Agents and Education fairs to choose their universities and subjects to study in Australia. 6 and 8 out of 15 students said agents are very important and important to choose universities and subjects.   Around 50% of students think that Ex-students from IIBIT is important to get information about this university. On the other hand, 6 out of 15 students said that it is not important to get help from E x-students. On third category students have some personal reasons to choose this university. Initially, they were looking for the cost of program as well as scholarships. Approximately, 50% students said that it is very important to get scholarship and low cost for their program, and its important chosen by 50% students. This university gives opportunity to pay tuition fees in installment that is why student have chosen this university. To survive in Australia every student has to work in part-time job. Students think that if they study in IIBIT, they can pass the course easily and have part-time job opportunity. Sometimes the location of university is very important to study in Sydney. They can access to the central easily from anywhere in Sydney.   The quality of teacher and campus facility, such as library, classroom, canteen, and lab, is very important for a proper university. Maximum number of students said that these things are very important to get proper knowledge. On the forth category, EAP students have to analysis the post purchase evaluation. Cost of program is higher than expected, because when students came to IIBIT they did not get actual facilities from this university. Every semester, they have to pay huge amount of money to study in this university that is why they need flexibility to pay their tuition fees. 12 students out 15, to pay tuition fees are higher than expected and as expected. On the other hand, around 11 students said that as expected they can pass the course easily at IIBIT. After evaluation, number of 10 students said that the quality of teacher is higher than expected. Australia is one of the worlds most exciting countries. It has a good reputation in the world for its best quality education. The quality of Australia education is much better than that of other countries. Australia is one of the most popular destinations for international students among three English-speaking countries. USA and Canada is also better place to study. Students have to provide GMAT score to get admission in the best Universities is USA and Canada universities requirement is very higher than Australia. Many international students like to study in Australia for multicultural, good environment and exciting cities and so on. Australia considers its cultural diversity one of its greatest strengths. Australias standard of living is almost highest in the world. Living expenses is considerably lower in Australia. #Why students IIBIT with Fed-Uni and why not any other university? We have researched on four universities namely Federation University, Central Queensland University, Deaken University and University of Western Sydney. After analysing these universities, students have decided to study at Federation University, IIBIT Sydney. It has seven campuses. Students can chose any cosmopolitan cities. Fed-Uni offer their programs at IIBIT in Sydney and Adelaide. Federation University at IIBIT tuition fees is very low and affordable compared to other universities. The three-term semester in one-year option enables student to finish their degree earlier. IIBIT provides small class size and give individual attention to weak students. The various programs offered at IIBIT in partnership with the Federation University. One of the major decisions we have to do in life is deciding where we want to go for university. Not only will be attached to it for at least three years, but it could also change in our life altogether. While there are instances when we will need to transfer, it would be very costly to change universities, not to mention the tedious procedure that you will have to go through. We have three more important points to know in our life they are tuition fees, Price/scholarships and at last meeting requirements. Also, the English language requirement for entering university was easier at IIBIT as the entry requirement is IELTS 6.0 (overall band score) not 6.0 for each skill of Reading, Writing, Listening Speaking. This would save the students time and money to achieve a higher English level in the IELTS exam i.e. scores would have to be higher at 6.5; so many of the students undertake a direct entry package, that is, they undertake 10 weeks of student in an Academic English course. When questioned about the agent there were many students influenced by the information about scholarships offered by IIBIT through the agent. As IIBIT are offering Federation University the university price seemed very high; however, IIBIT agents offered scholarships which critically influenced the decision. Of 15 students 8 students took up the offer of scholarship. The largest scholarship was up to $9K and 10K for a Bachelor degree. Interestingly some students from the same countries did not know about the scholarship. Scholarships were also offered to Master degree students the savings were quite significant, and it was the most critical factor in deciding the choice of college and university. Also, in one case, the student accepted IIBIT then after submitting his paperwork he then was given an offer of a scholarship of significant value. Many students cited the fact that to gain a student visa that choosing a college with a university package was important, because, if the student applied only for a college they felt that they would not successfully receive a student visa; therefore, choosing a college with the university (as one campus not two different campuses and companies, there was less threat to be rejected for student visa. Another factor was the reputation of the institution and how the reputation affected gaining a student visa. One student cited the example of another college-university (Torrens University) as being new and not rating as a high level to guarantee a student visa, even it was cheaper, so the student chose a more secure choice of IIBIT. As marketing executive officers at IIBIT, we will provide many facilities to our prospective students who want to study at IIBIT. As we know that IIBIT is affiliated with Federation University, Australia. Students will get university equivalent certificate after completion of their Bachelor or Masters degree. If they study at IIBIT, they will pass the course easily. Even they can do part-time job regularly. On the other hand, studying at first level university, such as UTS, University of Sydney, Macquarie etc. They have to focus only on study to finish the degree. For example, few universities like CQ University, they do not teach students individually because most of the students come from different countries. Sometimes they do not understand the course framework. Another reason is that English proficiency, IELTS, PTE, is the main factor to get chance into university. Maximum numbers of university require IELTS 6.5 or 7 to get admission. Only few universities, such as IIBIT- Federat ion University, Australia, CQ University, CSU, require 6 in IELTS to get chance in Bachelor and Masters Program. Sometimes they offer English language course for lower IELTS or PTE score students. At IIBIT we have good quality of teacher who will teach you in small class size. As we can say that IIBIT is the only university will give you proper knowledge and guidance to get full-time job after completing on the main course.   Ã‚  

Saturday, January 18, 2020

President Barack Obama’s Communication Style Essay

During President Barack Obama’s climb to the White House, he and his campaign have utilized an effective and thought provoking communications strategy to provide a transparent and honest message to the American public. Through his powers of oration, his formidable writing abilities, his comfort on the stage of debate, and through the revamping of the White House website, President Obama has changed the way politicians relate and interact with the populace. This brief essay will outline the major tactics that have proved successful in his rise to power with an aim on his interpretive dominance and popularity throughout a fierce campaign and a mountainous uphill battle to win the public’s support in the midst of two wars and a global economic crisis. As a standout student at the University of Illinois and at Harvard Law School, the young Barack Obama cultivated a direct and honest approach to his communication style. His early days as an Illinois Senator proved that he could build a grassroots support system that did not have to rely on media campaigns for strength, but would grow and strengthen personal relationships through straightforward and honest discourse. In a 2008 US News & World Report article, Kenneth T. Walsh writes of Obama’s communicational outlook, â€Å"Beyond the hype and the spin, Obama has operated as a conventional politician who has demonstrated some very unusual traits—extraordinary communication skills, the ability to grow as a leader, and the good sense and savvy to recognize a zeitgeist, the nation’s powerful desire for change, when he sees one† (Walsh). In this spirit, Mr. Walsh is painting a portrait of the politician as an opportunist and clear-minded individual that is not afraid of speaking his opinion on important matters. This has been a key to his success as a believable and inspirational communicator and has paved the way for him to provide momentous messages that fueled his campaign and his career in politics. On President Obama and Vice President Biden’s homepage on the internet they have a banner quote by Obama that reads, â€Å"I’m asking you to believe. Not just about my ability to bring about real change in Washington†¦I’m asking you to believe in yours† (Organizing). The call for change and hope that were the hallmarks of Obama’s communication zeitgeist echoed throughout the voting polls, the town hall meetings, the local taverns and on the streets. This message proved so successful because it was not a one-way message. Obama’s campaign ideology does not stand outside of participation, in fact, in stands on participation. This quote that headlines the interfacing between the public and the White House demonstrates the necessity for people to believe not just in the power of words, but in the power of believing in politics, politicians, and ourselves. This discourse of interaction and participation has been a proven tactic in successful politics throughout history but President Obama did not rely on the traditional methods. He has demonstrated fluency in technological mediums such as his famed Blackberry cell phone, his YouTube video messages, the revamping of the White House website, his grassroots campaign financing that was largely based on small donations by a multitude of supporters through his website. That being said, his positive and optimistic personality has carried him a long way in successfully communicating his ideals and his platform in face-to-face conversations. As an example, his Presidential Acceptance Speech in Chicago has been viewed over 4,760,000 times on YouTube, his Inauguration Speech in Washington has been viewed over 3,770,000 times in addition to the two million people that turned out to witness it live (Obama). President Obama’s communication strategy has implemented a variety of mediums and platforms that politicians in the past either neglected or did not have access to. For example, President Bush and Presidential Nominee John McCain are notorious for their refusals to use E-mail whereas President Obama had to fight to keep his internet and Instant Messaging Blackberry. Furthermore, all of his books have become New York Times Bestsellers. Mr. Walsh, later in the article speaks of President Obama’s mass appeal and popularity that is thanks to his gifts as a successful and believable communicator, â€Å"Obama’s Chicago background has enabled him to appeal to many divergent groups, from poor African-Americans to white businessmen, working-class folks, middle-class professionals, wheeler-dealers, mainstream reporters, teachers, suburban parents, professors, and college students (Walsh). His reach is both focused and widespread and in this way President Obama has created long-lasting and personal relationships with his constituency that transcends the formulaic and generic mass media approaches. Through his unbridled ambition and his thirst for honest discourse, President Obama has changed the way politicians will communicate with the public. He has changed it in the spirit of optimism and transparency without having to rely on attack ads, even though he has not been above harsh criticism of his opponents and the Bush Administration. He has not been afraid to speak his opinion, even when that has proved to be unpopular, as in the case of defending the controversial Reverend Jeremiah Wright, or when he said he would open forms of dialogue with Pakistan and Iran, or when he made the speech attacking the latent and blatant forms of racism. His popularity has been a direct result of his honesty and his gifts for communicating and as he was elected he continued this approach, even though some people wanted him to deliver a soaring speech at his Inauguration. This keen sense of setting and circumstance allowed President Obama to deliver not the speech of fantasy, but a sobering and directly honest speech about the current state of affairs we now find ourselves in, â€Å"That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age (Transcript). In this spirit, he has not abandoned optimism and the hope for positive change, but he is acknowledging the uphill battle and the fierce struggles that we are going to face. Although he could have delivered a speech that overlooked these struggles in the name of developing a popular national fervor of (false) support, instead he decided to continue his tradition of straightforward honesty, albeit in an eloquent and reassuring tone. This has led some critics to attack President Obama and his administration as our country is trying to climb ourselves out of a record national debt and widespread uncertainty as to the future of our country. The massive bailouts of the automotive industry and the large investment firms and banks have led critics to wildly label Obama as a Socialist and as a reactionary when in fact, as evidenced by the White House website, the Obama mission is to restore good faith and honest business practices to the industries that have helped to build up the United States in the first place. That being said, he has harsh words for executives that are receiving massive amounts of bailout money for their failed institutions while at the same time writing enormous bonus checks to themselves, as in the current example of AIG. In an attempt to restore justice and balance to both business and politics, President Obama has done something that no other President has – he has reached across the political isle and assigned three cabinet posts to Republicans. His spirit of unification cannot be denied and yet some critics still label him as a staunch Democratic Party ideologue and stalwart, when in fact he has made huge efforts to bridge the gap. As Mr. Walsh points out in his article this tendency goes back all the way to his community organizing in Chicago and to his days as a young Illinois Senator, â€Å"Overall, he built a respectable record, working with both Democrats and Republicans to win approval for a series of bills†¦He showed his potential when the Senate overwhelmingly passed a controversial law he sponsored on campaign finance reform in May 1998, prohibiting legislators from raising campaign funds†¦ (Walsh). His bipartisanship has proven to be beyond mere rhetoric in spite of the allegations that are distributed throughout the media. Overall, President Obama has changed the game of politics. He has instituted a communication style built on honesty and transparency while at the same time utilizing all the tools at his disposal in order to fulfill the missions that he promised to the American public. His communication strategy will be the model upon which future successful campaigns will be built. Works Cited Obama Speeches. (2009). YouTube. com. Retrieved 20 March 2009, from http://www. youtube. com/results? search_type=&search_query=obama+speeches Organizing for America. (2009). Retrieved 20 March 2009, from http://www. barackobama. com/index. php Transcript – Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address. (2009). The New York Times. Retrieved 20 March 2009, from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/01/20/us/politics/20text-obama. html Walsh, Kenneth T. (2009). Obama’s Years in Chicago Politics Shaped His Presidential Candidacy. U. S. News & World Report. Retrieved 20 March 2009, from http://www. usnews. com/articles/news/campaign-2008/2008/04/11/

Friday, January 10, 2020

The Most Popular Free Online Essay Topics

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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Revolutionaries of Cuba and Orwells 1984 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1094 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: 1984 Essay Did you like this example? George Orwells book 1984 displayed an example of a real-life dystopia. Totalitarianism is shown in this communist-based society so ghastly that it coined its own term Orwellian in the dictionary. However, a country living in full surveillance with extremely nationalistic views in cookie-cutter world is not entirely fictional. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Revolutionaries of Cuba and Orwells 1984" essay for you Create order Historical dictatorships are similar to Orwells telling of Big Brother, the man in control of Oceanias economy and strictly enforced values. An example of such was the Cuban regime under control of Fidel Castro from 1959-2008. The Cuban Revolution began under Castro and was aimed moderately towards the structure of communism as well. Totalitarianism can be determined by several factors, some of which being nationalism, ideologies, censorship, methods of propaganda, and use of terror as control. Though differing slightly in ideology, both Castro and Big Brother exhibited qualities of totalitarians who executed power in similar ways to accomplish their agenda. Enforced Nationalism Revolutionaries of Cuba were more self-organized than Oceanias Thought Police, who were organized by the government itself. Through undercover spies and organizations called Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDRs), the neighborhood groups implemented heavy surveillance that used CDRs to mobilize citizens against dissenters, impose ideological conformity, and root out counterrevolutionary behavior. (Bureau of Democracy, 2003). These groups were acting similarly to Oceanias people when they are persuaded by The Party to be nationalistic. The only life they had known was the one overindulged to them. The actions of these organizations were supported by Castros regime because he conditioned them to think as he. Although Oceania had undercover agents too, its means of forced conformity were established by government officials instead of nationalist citizens. In reference to the Thought Police, it was inevitable that they should make that claim sooner or later: the logic of the ir position demanded it when thinking about or committing crime against the government (Orwell, 1949, p. 102). Nonetheless, the goal of both governments was to reprimand counter-revolutionaries. Ideologies Both Oceania and Cuba were against a capitalist government. Reinforcing the idea that countries of capitalist nature were unacceptable and inferior was a part of both of their standards. The structure of socialism supported eachs perception of total government control and destruction of socioeconomic classes. Oceanias government favored total communism, reaching far above the progress Castro made as leader. Separate from socialism, Castro imposed extreme reprimands for opposing his regime. This came with limited freedom for the common citizens who did not have the right to free speech or the press. Castro and Big Brother can be described by National Review columnist Richard Neuhaus (1986) as people who aspire to be the artisans of their own destiny (p. 46). In declaring their own rule as the subject to other people (the objects), they are likely to be heinous in nature and follow a rule of law that allows them to have total control. Censorship Big Brother censored all aspects of life, including history, the language, and even thoughts. Big Brother was listening and watching from several places to monitor the content of conversations. Many were in plain sight, such as telescreens, which carefully studied expression and tone of who was speaking in the case they choose to conspire (Orwell, p. 8). Thoughtcrime, the word for thinking about committing crime, was considered equally as punishable as treason (p. 24). Casual conversation was limited to certain topics. Any unusual or provoking behavior was dismissed immediately. Books were rewritten to pretend like old information had never existed (p. 46). Censorship was strict under Castro, as well. It reached a lesser extent due to lack of technology, but outright anti-revolution ideas were destroyed. Magazines printed articles selected by Castro and only featured articles and films that portrayed him and the revolution in a positive light (Soles, 2007). Methods of Propaganda Oceanias propaganda in 1984 is primarily enforced daily through scheduled ideology. Featured every morning is the Two Minutes Hate, when counter-revolutionaries are broadcasted for public ridicule (Orwell, 1949, p. 13). People of the society actively practice contempt for their enemies, even if they are unaware of their intentions. The method behind this keeps the population in opposition of the enemy, whoever Big Brother decides is traitorous. However, this wasnt the only means of propaganda. Hanging in streets and buildings were posters of Big Brother, placed by The Party, that are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move with a slogan reading BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU (Orwell, 1949, p. 5). This tactic is used to make the citizens fear consequence and adhere to The Partys beliefs. It is effective, too, because they know they can suffer severe punishment or death for disobeying Big Brother. Castro utilized broadcasting similar to Big Brother in the form of selecti ve interviews and stories that made his regime appear superior, and criticized democratic leaders, governments, and parties (CIA, 1983). His nightly broadcasts reached several South American countries and Washington as well, increasing the number of voluntary revolutionaries (CIA, 1983). In each government, selectively choosing the content their citizens can view causes them to become brainwashed into believing one party. Use of Terror as Control Castro and Big Brother differ in how they manipulate the masses into following their regime. Thousands of oppositionists in Cuba suffered imprisonment for openly disagreeing with Cuban government, some of whom were subjected to the firing squad (Padgett, 2016). Cuban government was threatening to any who dared speak against Castro and his regime, even claiming invincible resistance to potential United States intervention (Padgett, 2016). Government officials often abused and assaulted detained people, such as human rights activists and reporters, and the same prisoners often died in the prison conditions because they were refused medical care (Bureau of Democracy, 2003). Using violence kept common citizens under Castros control. Big Brother alternatively used a technique of vaporizing the people who committed crimes against The Party. Those people disappeared, were written out of history, and were considered to have never existed (Orwell, 1949, p. 24). The exact punishment for the wr ong-doers was unknown to the public, and that is the terrifying, mysterious element of why Big Brother was able to maintain order. He allowed fear of the unknown to terrorize his people. Conclusion Big Brother shares qualities of a totalitarian with Castro, and they each represent extreme authoritarian rule. The Cuban government under Fidel Castro has evident similarity to George Orwells 1984. Nationalism was strongly associated with their regimes, as well as sharing complementary beliefs. Censorship, propaganda, and terror as a tactic proved to successfully control the public. Manipulation of the masses was achievable by their position of power and the threat of punishment. The Cuban government under Fidel Castro has evident, totalitarian similarity to George Orwells 1984.